Exploration of from and Meaning in the Rambu Tuka’ Ceremony of the Toraja Tribe: Ethopragmatic Study

Abstract

This study aims (1) to identify the forms of locutionary speech acts, types of illocutionary speech acts, and the pragmatic meanings within the context of the situation and the cultural significance of the Toraja ethnic group during the Sampa’ Rampanan Kapa’ at the Tuka’ ceremony, and (2) to describe in detail these speech acts and their pragmatic interpretations in the ceremonial context. This qualitative descriptive research focuses on speech acts and their role in conveying cultural values and norms. The data in this study were derived from the Sampa’ Rampanan Kapa’ ritual, conducted during the proposal and wedding reception phases of the Toraja traditional ceremony. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation.The results show that in terms of locutionary forms, declarative speech acts were the most common, with 5 data instances clearly expressing statements. Interrogative forms were found in 4 data, often used to explore intentions and cultural meanings, while imperative forms appeared in 1 data, used to issue commands with contextual and cultural implications. Illocutionary acts included assertive types such as informing, explaining, showing, interpreting, convincing, telling, and stating. Directive acts comprised prohibiting, inviting, proving, warning, and advising. Commissive acts included ensuring, while expressive acts included praying, respecting, giving thanks, congratulating, and apologizing. A declarative act was also found, confirming a valid statement. Each speech act carried specific situational context and ethnic cultural meaning, reflecting the values embedded in the Toraja ceremonial tradition