Green Human Resource Management as a Strategic Driver of Sustainable Organizational Performance: A Literature Review

چکیده

This study examines Green Human Resource Management as a strategic driver of sustainable organizational performance through a literature review approach. The growing pressure for organizations to balance economic performance, environmental responsibility, and social accountability has increased the importance of integrating sustainability into internal management systems. Green Human Resource Management provides a relevant framework because it connects sustainability objectives with employee-related practices, including green recruitment and selection, green training and development, green performance management, green rewards, and employee involvement. This review synthesizes existing studies to explain how GHRM contributes to sustainable organizational outcomes by developing employee environmental awareness, strengthening green behaviour, supporting green innovation, and shaping sustainability-oriented organizational culture. The findings indicate that GHRM is not merely an administrative human resource function, but a strategic mechanism that enables organizations to transform environmental goals into daily workplace practices. The literature also shows that the relationship between GHRM and sustainable performance is often influenced by mediating factors such as green innovation, employee commitment, leadership support, and organizational culture. Therefore, the effectiveness of GHRM depends on the consistency of implementation, managerial commitment, and alignment with broader organizational strategy. This study concludes that organizations seeking long-term sustainability should integrate green principles into human resource policies and practices to improve environmental, social, and economic performance. The review also highlights the need for future research to examine GHRM across different sectors, organizational sizes, and national contexts, particularly through empirical and longitudinal studies that can provide stronger evidence of its long-term impact.