The Synergic Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Coconut Oil as Antioxidant, and Their Effect on the Reproductive Systems of Female Rats

Main Article Content

Bader K. Hameed
Marwa A. Hameed
Wasan Sarhan Oubeid

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to detect the synergic effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs and coconut oil effect as antioxidant, and there effect on the reproductive systems of female rats. The experiments included experimentally infected the animals with candida albicans Rats were infected with a 1 ml inoculum (3 × 109 yeast/ml) on day 0 and stressed immediately after the infection and during the following 2 days as single dose (3 ml) after dilution the main culture. After that the ZNO and coconut oil were using to know the effect of both on the reduction the oxidative effect of fungus infection. The doses of 5 mg/kg of ZnO, and 0.5 ml of coconut oil were administrated to infected Wister rats. Hormonal and oxidative, parameters were accessed after (30) days of experiment. The histopathological evaluations of tissues were also performed for uterus and ovary. The level of (LH, FSH, and progesterone) was observed to detect the effect of both treatments on the fertility level and oxidative markers. All the treated groups were comparable to control group at the end of the experiment. The results showed a significant decrease of hormones in infected female with Candeda albicans, while the level of these hormone begin to return to its normal value after ZNO and coconut oil  treatment. Significant differences of oxidation marker were obtained in this study.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

How to Cite
Hameed, B. . K., Hameed, M. A. ., & Oubeid, W. S. . (2024). The Synergic Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Coconut Oil as Antioxidant, and Their Effect on the Reproductive Systems of Female Rats. Journal of Asian Multicultural Research for Medical and Health Science Study, 5(4), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.47616/jamrmhss.v5i4.566
Section
Articles

References

Aranda-Rivera, A. K., Cruz-Gregorio, A., Arancibia-Hernández, Y. L., Hernández-Cruz, E. Y., & Pedraza-Chaverri, J. (2022). RONS and oxidative stress: An overview of basic concepts. Oxygen, 2, 437–478. https://doi.org/10.3390/oxygen2040030

Beauchamp, C., & Fridovich, I. (1971). Superoxide dismutase: Improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels. Analytical Biochemistry, 44, 276–287.

Bispo, V. S., Dantas, L. S., Chaves Filho, A. B., Pinto, I. F., Silva, R. P. D., Otsuka, F. A., ... & Matos, H. R. (2017). Reduction of the DNA damages, hepatoprotective effect and antioxidant potential of the coconut water, ascorbic and caffeic acids in oxidative stress mediated by ethanol. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 89(02), 1095-1109. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720160581

Brown, A. J., Haynes, K., & Quinn, J. (2009). Nitrosative and oxidative stress responses in fungal pathogenicity. Current opinion in microbiology, 12(4), 384-391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2009.06.007

Cruz, M. R., Graham, C. E., Gagliano, B. C., Lorenz, M. C., & Garsin, D. A. (2013). Enterococcus faecalis inhibits hyphal morphogenesis and virulence of Candida albicans. Infection and Immunity, 81, 189–200.

da Silva Dantas, A., Day, A., Ikeh, M., Kos, I., Achan, B., & Quinn, J. (2015). Oxidative stress responses in the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. Biomolecules, 5, 142–165. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom5010142

Enjalbert, B., MacCallum, D. M., Odds, F. C., & Brown, A. J. (2007). Niche-specific activation of the oxidative stress response by the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans. Infection and Immunity, 75, 2143–2151.

Enjalbert, B., Nantel, A., & Whiteway, M. (2003). Stress-induced gene expression in Candida albicans: Absence of a general stress response. Molecular Biology of the Cell, 14, 1460–1467.

Gunsalus, K. T. W., Tornberg-Belanger, S. N., Matthan, N. R., Lichtenstein, A. H., & Kumamoto, C. A. (2016). Manipulation of host diet to reduce gastrointestinal colonization by the opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans. mSphere, 1(1), e00020–15. https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00020-15

Ighodaro, O. M., & Akinloye, O. A. (2018). First-line defence antioxidants—Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX): Their fundamental role in the entire antioxidant defence grid. Alexandria Journal of Medicine, 54, 287–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajme.2017.09.001

Iosub, C. Ş., Olăreţ, E., Grumezescu, A. M., Holban, A. M., & Andronescu, E. (2017). Toxicity of nanostructures—A general approach. In Nanostructures for Novel Therapy (pp. 793–809). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-46142-9.00029-3

Jamieson, D. J., Stephen, D. W., & Terriere, E. C. (1996). Analysis of the adaptive oxidative stress response of Candida albicans. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 138, 83–88.

Kasemets, K., Ivask, A., Dubourguier, H. C., & Kahru, A. (2009). Toxicity of nanoparticles of ZnO, CuO, and TiO2 to yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Toxicology In Vitro, 23(6), 1116–1122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2009.05.015

Kumar, S. S., Venkateswarlu, P., Rao, V. R., & Rao, G. N. (2013). Synthesis, characterization, and optical properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles. International Nano Letters, 3(1), 30. https://doi.org/10.1186/2228-5326-3-30

Lee, P. P., & Lau, Y.-L. (2017). Cellular and molecular defects underlying invasive fungal infections—Revelations from endemic mycoses. Frontiers in Immunology, 8, 735.

Lorenz, M. C., Bender, J. A., & Fink, G. R. (2004). Transcriptional response of Candida albicans upon internalization by macrophages. Eukaryotic Cell, 3, 1076–1087. https://doi.org/10.1128/ec.3.5.1076-1087.2004

Luna, L. G. (1968). Manual of histologic staining methods of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill.

Mashrai, A., Khanam, H., & Aljawfi, R. N. (2017). Biological synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using C. albicans and studying their catalytic performance in the synthesis of steroidal pyrazolines. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 10, S1530–S1536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.05.004

Odel Nitbani, F., & Jumina, J. (2020). Monoglycerides as an antifungal agent. In V. Y. Waisundara & M. Z. Jovandaric (Eds.), Apolipoproteins, triglycerides and cholesterol. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91743

Ogbolu, D. O., Oni, A. A., Daini, O. A., & Oloko, A. P. (2007). In vitro antimicrobial properties of coconut oil on Candida species in Ibadan, Nigeria. Journal of Medicinal Food, 10(2), 384–387. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2006.1209

Phillips, A. J., Sudbery, I., & Ramsdale, M. (2003). Apoptosis induced by environmental stresses and amphotericin B in Candida albicans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 100, 14327–14332.

Shahidi, F., & Zhong, Y. (2015). Measurement of antioxidant activity. Journal of Functional Foods, 18, 757–781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2015.01.047

Singh, P., & Nanda, A. (2013). Antimicrobial and antifungal potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles in comparison to conventional zinc oxide particles. J. Chem. Pharm. Res, 5(11), 457-463..

Sirelkhatim, A., Mahmud, S., Seeni, A., Kaus, N. H. M., Ann, L. C., Bakhori, S. K. M., Hasan, H., & Mohamad, D. (2015). Review on zinc oxide nanoparticles: Antibacterial activity and toxicity mechanism. Nano-Micro Letters, 7, 219–242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-015-0040-x

Valadez-Carmona, L., Cortez-García, R. M., Plazola-Jacinto, C. P., Necoechea-Mondragón, H., & Ortiz-Moreno, A. (2016). Effect of microwave drying and oven drying on the water activity, color, phenolic compounds content, and antioxidant activity of coconut husk (Cocos nucifera L.). Journal of Food Science and Technology, 53(9), 3495–3501. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-016-2324

Vandeputte, P., Ferrari, S., & Coste, A. T. (2012). Antifungal resistance and new strategies to control fungal infections. International Journal of Microbiology, 1–26.

Wasan, S., Oubeid, S., Abdul-Aziz, S. S., Hadi, K. A., & Noomi, B. S. (2021). Zinc oxide nanoparticle and coconut oil antifungal activity in albino white rats. Biochemical and Cellular Archives, 21(1), 1817–1823. https://connectjournals.com/03896.2021.21.1817